Hassan Ait-Kaci | 1 Mar 2010 03:45
Picon

CFP - RULE 2010 (Edinburgh, UK, July 14, 2010)

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[Although we try avoiding cross-posting, we apologize if that happens]
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RULE 2010

ELEVENTH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON
RULE-BASED SPECIFICATION AND PROGRAMMING

RULE-BASED PROGRAMMING IN INDUSTRY AND THE SEMANTIC WEB
Edinburgh, UK
July 14, 2010

http://www.di.uminho.pt/rule2010

IMPORTANT DATES:

Submission deadline: Friday, April 16, 2010
PC meeting: Monday-Friday, May 24-28, 2010
Authors notified: Thursday, June 3, 2010
Final copies due: Friday, June 25, 2010
RULE 2010 Workshop: Wednesday, July 14, 2010

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Marco Neumann | 1 Mar 2010 07:08
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Re: New major release of the NeOn Toolkit (v2.3)

FYI I have received an extensive reply from Enrico Motta yesterday
addressing my questions in a personal email. And I would like to thank
Enrico for his explanations.

I am looking forward to evaluate and make use of the results of the
NeOn project in March 2010.

Regards,
Marco

On Fri, Feb 26, 2010 at 7:51 PM, Marco Neumann <marco.neumann <at> gmail.com> wrote:
> Thank You Mathieu
>
> On Fri, Feb 26, 2010 at 7:41 PM, Mathieu D'Aquin <m.daquin <at> open.ac.uk> wrote:
>>
>> On 26 Feb 2010, at 21:26, Marco Neumann wrote:
>>
>>> Well, it looks like we don't get a prompt answer. Mathieu in case you
>>> work on the neon project could you please fix the link for Deliverable
>>> D9.1.1: Initial market assessment & market intelligence for NeOn here:
>>>
>>> http://www.neon-project.org/nw/Deliverables
>>
>> OK, done. Thanks for pointing that out.
>> Mathieu.
>>
>>
>>> Marco
>>>
>>> On Mon, Feb 22, 2010 at 2:12 PM, Mathieu D'Aquin <m.daquin <at> open.ac.uk>
>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>> Hi Alexander,
>>>>
>>>> Just a quick answer to two of your questions (I am sure somebody else
>>>> will
>>>> promptly answer the others and Marco's).
>>>>
>>>>> Taking the risk of being annoying I'd also ask, how is NeON's
>>>>> Modularization approach different from previously proposed ones?
>>>>
>>>> That certainly depends on which previously proposed approaches you are
>>>> referring to, but the major difference in my opinion is that the tools
>>>> for
>>>> modularization in the NeOn toolkit don't focus on one specific
>>>> modularization task (module extraction, partitioning, composition), or on
>>>> one specific, pre-defined set of modularization criteria, but offer a
>>>> variety of relatively simple "operators" to build custom made
>>>> modularizations of ontologies.
>>>>
>>>> Of course, this is just the quick answer. You can have a look at [1], [2]
>>>> and of course the NeOn deliverable D1.1.4 [3] if you are interested in
>>>> this
>>>> particular aspect (and of course, I am always open to discussions on this
>>>> topic).
>>>>
>>>>> Also,
>>>>> regarding Watson, how is Watson an alternative to bioportal.
>>>>
>>>> Oh, that's an easy one: it is not.
>>>>
>>>>> From
>>>>> whAt  I have seen Watson does not offer everything bioportal does.
>>>>
>>>> Of course, they are completely different systems. Bioportal is an
>>>> ontology
>>>> repository and Watson is an ontology search engine. Watson automatically
>>>> crawls the Web to find ontologies to index, Bioportal relies on a
>>>> community
>>>> of users to submit ontologies (currently in the biomedical domain, but I
>>>> understand that the technology is generic).
>>>>
>>>> But maybe you are referring to Cupboard, which is an ontology repository
>>>> based on the Watson engine (as well as on an alignment server, an
>>>> ontology
>>>> metadata registry and an ontology reviewing mechanism). Making a complete
>>>> list of the differences between these two systems goes well beyond what
>>>> can
>>>> be done in a single e-mail. It is important to notice however that we are
>>>> certainly not trying to enter a competition here. Each system has its own
>>>> strengths, and I don't believe that thinking in terms of one being an
>>>> alternative to the other is the right approach. As far as I am concerned,
>>>> collaboration and interoperability between systems like Bioportal and
>>>> Cupboard is one of the reasons for a workshop like ORES [4] and for a
>>>> number
>>>> of other initiatives to exist.
>>>>
>>>> Best,
>>>> Mathieu.
>>>>
>>>> [1] d'Aquin, M., Schlicht, A., Stuckenschmidt, H., Sabou, M., (2009)
>>>> Criteria and Evaluation for Ontology Modularization Technique. In Heiner
>>>> Stuckenschmidt, Christine Parent, Stefano Spaccapietra (ed) Modular
>>>> Ontologies: Concepts, Theories and Techniques for Knowledge
>>>> Modularization,
>>>> Criteria and Evaluation for Ontology Modularization Technique.
>>>> [2] d'Aquin, M., Doran, P., Motta, E., Tamma, V., (2007)Towards a
>>>> Parametric
>>>> Ontology Modularization Framework Based on Graph Transformation.
>>>> Workshop:
>>>> International Workshop on Modular Ontologies, K-CAP 2007.
>>>> [3]
>>>>
>>>> http://www.neon-project.org/web-content/images/Publications/neon_2008_d114.pdf
>>>> [4] http://www.ontologydynamics.org/od/index.php/ores2010/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> The Open University is incorporated by Royal Charter (RC 000391), an
>>>> exempt
>>>> charity in England & Wales and a charity registered in Scotland (SC
>>>> 038302).
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Meet us at the Semantic Technology Conference this year in San Francisco.
>>> http://www.lotico.com/stc2010
>>
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Meet us at the Semantic Technology Conference this year in San Francisco.
> http://www.lotico.com/stc2010
>

--

-- 
Meet us at the Semantic Technology Conference this year in San Francisco.
http://www.lotico.com/stc2010

Emanuele Della Valle | 1 Mar 2010 08:28
Picon

2nd CFP: 4th International Workshop on New Forms of Reasoning for the Semantic Web: Scalable & Dynamic

2nd CALL FOR PAPERS

4th International  Workshop on New Forms of Reasoning for the Semantic 
Web: Scalable & Dynamic  - NEFoRS2010

                              Website:  http://nefors10.larkc.eu
                              30 May 2010, Heraklion, Greece
         co-located with the 7th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2010)

1. Introduction
Initiatives like Linked Open Data have resulted in a rapid growth of the 
Web of data, and this growth is expected to continue. While impressive 
progress has been made in recent years in scalable storing, querying, 
and reasoning with languages like RDFS and OWL, existing reasoning 
techniques fail to perform when applied at Web-scale, due to the 
quantities of instance data, expressiveness of the ontologies, or the 
inherent inconsistency and incompleteness of data on the Web.

These problems of scale are increasingly compounded by the appearance of 
highly dynamic data streams. Data streams occur in modern applications 
such as traffic engineering, applications of RFID tags, telecom call 
recording, medical record management, financial applications, and 
clickstreams. On the Web, many sites distribute and present information 
in real-time streams of semi-structured text. In many of these 
application areas, the ability to perform complex reasoning tasks that 
combine streaming information (both data and text) with background 
knowledge would be of great benefit. Stream reasoning is a new 
multidisciplinary approach for semantically processing high-frequency 
high-volume streams of information in combination with rich background 
knowledge.

This workshop is a joint continuation of earlier successful workshop on 
scalable and dynamic reasoning for the Semantic Web, NeFoRS'07, 
NeFoRS'08, and SR2009.

2. Event Information

We welcome all research contributions that address one or more of the 
following topics:

    * scalable reasoning for the Web
    * web scale querying and searching
    * reasoning with inconsistent ontologies
    * stream reasoning in the Semantic Web
    * efficient storage of structured data that scale to a very large size
    * reasoning with large, expressive or distributed ontologies
    * theory for stream reasoning
    * management of semantic streams
    * reasoning on streams
    * semantic analysis of text streams
    * on-line learning from streams
    * distribution and parallelization for semantic streams
    * cognitively-inspired approaches to deal with large and dynamic 
information
    * implementation and evaluation of scalable and dynamic reasoners
    * applications of reasoning on large and dynamic datasets

The workshop will take place during the 7th Extended Semantic Web 
Conference (ESWC2010) as a full-day event.

3. Important Dates

March 8, 2010 Submission of papers
April 13, 2010 Notification of acceptance
April 27, 2010 Camera-ready version due
May 30 or 31, 2010 Workshop

4. Organisation

Chairs

    * Stefano Ceri, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
    * Emanuele Della Valle, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
    * Jim Hendler, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA
    * Zhisheng Huang, Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Program Committee

    * Daniele Braga, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
    * Irene Celino, CEFRIEL, Italy
    * Marko Grobelnik, Josef Stefan Institute, Slovenia
    * Michael Grossnicklaus Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy and 
ETH, Zurich
    * Pascal Hitzler, Wright State University, Ohio, USA
    * Mihai Lupu, Information Retrieval Facility, Austria
    * Marko Luther, DOCOMO Research Labs, Munich, Germany
    * Vassil Momtchev, Ontotext, Bulgaria
    * Jose Quesada, Max Planck Institute, Germany
    * Angus Roberts, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
    * Magnus Sahlgren, SICS, Sweden
    * Anne Schlicht, University of Mannheim, Germany
    * Stefan Schlobach, Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
    * Lael Schooler, Max Planck Institute, Germany
    * Volker Tresp, SIEMENS, Germany
    * Giovanni Tummarello, DERI, Ireland
    * Michael Witbrock, Cyc Europe
    * (More to be added)

5. Submissions

The workshop invites full papers (up to 15 pages) as well as short 
papers (up to 5 pages). Submissions should be formatted according to the 
Lecture Notes in Computer Science guidelines for proceedings available 
at http://www.springer.com/computer/lncs?SGWID=0-164-7-72376-0. Papers 
should be submitted in PDF format.

Furthermore papers need to be submitted electronically through the 
EasyChair system using the following link: 
http://www.easychair.org/conferences?conf=nefors10

6.Contact

Zhisheng Huang (email: huang <at> cs.vu.nl)
Group of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning,
Free University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands

CFP:NDT2010:Prague-Czech Republic:July2010

  The Second International Conference on Networked Digital Technologies
                                Charles University, Prague
                                      July 9-11,  2010
                                    www.dirf.org/ndt2010

All the papers will be reviewed and the accepted papers in the  
conference will be published in the “Communications in Computer and  
Information Science” (CCIS) of Springer Lecture Notes Series  
(www.springer.com/series/7899), and will be indexed in many global  
databases including ISI Proceedings and Scopus. In addition, selected  
papers after complete modification and revision will be published in  
the special issues journals.
================================================================================

The proposed conference on the above theme will be held at the Charles  
University, Prague, Czech Republic from July 7-9, 2010 which aims to  
enable researchers build connections between different digital  
applications.

Currently, a number of institutions across the countries are working  
to evolve better models to provide collaborative technology services  
for scholarship by creating shared cyberspace thro expert  
collaboration, but this is a challenge for the institutions for a  
number of reasons. In the last few years, the landscape of digital  
technology applications projects for the various disciplines in  
humanities, social sciences, and sciences appears induced by many  
initiatives. For the creation of research clusters, the research  
community has thousands of databases, websites, local computing  
clusters, and web-based tools around individual themes, interests and  
projects. In most cases, these tools and resources are and were  
created to meet the specific needs of a particular community. In many  
cases, the funding and support for these critical initiatives is  
fragile and temporary, and directed in piecemeal fashion. There is a  
need to provide concerted efforts in building federated digital  
technologies that will enable the formation of network of digital  
technologies.

Information and Data Management
Data and Network mining
Intelligent agent-based systems, cognitive and reactive distributed AI systems
Internet Modeling
User Interfaces, Visualization and modeling
XML-based languages
Security and Access Control
Trust models for social networks
Information Content Security
Mobile, Ad Hoc and Sensor Network Management
Web Services Architecture, Modeling and Design
New architectures for web-based social networks
Semantic Web, Ontologies (creation , merging, linking and reconciliation)
Web Services Security
Quality of Service, Scalability and Performance
Self-Organizing Networks and Networked Systems
Data management in mobile peer-to-peer networks
Data stream processing in mobile/sensor networks
Indexing and query processing for moving objects
User interfaces and usability issues form mobile applications
Mobile social networks
Peer-to-peer social networks
Sensor networks and social sensing
Social search
Social networking inspired collaborative computing
Information propagation on social networks
Resource and knowledge discovery using social networks
Measurement studies of actual social networks
Simulation models for social networks
Green Computing
Grid Computing
Cloud Computing
===============================================================================
Researchers are encouraged to submit their work electronically.  
Submitted paper should not exceed 6 pages, including illustrations.  
Papers should be submitted electronically. All papers will be fully  
refereed by a minimum of two specialized referees. Before final  
acceptance, all referees comments must be considered.

===============================================================================
Important Dates

Submission Date: March 15, 2010
Notification of acceptance: April 1 , 2010
Camera Ready submission: April 20, 2010
Registration: April 20, 2010
Conference dates: July 7-9, 2010

================================================================================
General Chairs
Filip Zavoral, Charles University, Czech Republic.
Mark Wachowiak, Nipissing University, Canada.

Program Chairs
Jakub Yaghob, Charles University, Czech Republic.
Veli Hakkoymaz, Fatih University, Turkey.

Program Co-Chairs
Noraziah Ahmad, University Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia.
Yoshiro Imai, Kagwa University, Japan
Ezendu Ariwa, London Metropolitan University, UK
--------------------------------------------------------

Damian Steer | 1 Mar 2010 19:02
Picon

Re: RDF/XML Syntax Question: Label on an RDF Object being a literal


On 1 Mar 2010, at 17:55, David Booth wrote:

> On Sun, 2010-02-28 at 22:19 +0000, Damian Steer wrote:
>> 
>> Hi Svante,
>> 
>> This is a rather tricky question, but I think the simplest answer is: you can't do that. A literal can't be
an object
>> 
>> ( The more accurate answer is that a literal can be an object, but you can't write that directly in rdf
syntax. For example:
> 
> Right, however the word "object" may be a bit confusing here, as it is
> overloaded.

You're very kind, but I think I was simply wrong here :-) SUBJECT was the term I was thinking of, but something
went wrong between brain and keyboard.

Damian

Alexander Garcia Castro | 1 Mar 2010 19:03
Picon

ORES2010 extended deadline: March 7th. Invited talk confirmed: Nigam Shah!

Invited talk confirmed: Nigam Shah!
http://www.stanford.edu/~nigam/cgi-bin/dokuwiki/doku.php

ESWC 2010 Workshop on Ontology Repositories and Editors for the Semantic Web
ORES 2010 - Call for papers and system descriptions -
http://www.ontologydynamics.org/od/index.php/ores2010/
DEADLINE EXTENDED TO  March 7, 2010

The deadline for the ORES workshop has been extended to March 7, 2010.

We would also like to announce the invited talk as part of the workshop, which
will be given by Nigam Shah from the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics
Research (http://www.stanford.edu/~nigam/).

The growing number of online ontologies makes the availability of ontology
repositories, in which ontology practitioners can easily find, select and
retrieve reusable components, a crucial issue. The recent emergence of several
ontology repository systems is a further sign of this. However, in order for
these systems to be successful, it is necessary to provide a forum for
researchers and developers to discuss features and exchange ideas on the
realization of ontology repositories in general and to consider explicitly their
role in the ontology lifecycle. In addition, it is now critical to achieve
interoperability between ontology repositories, through common interfaces,
standard metadata formats, etc. ORES10 intends to provide such a forum.

Illustrating the importance of the problem, significant initiatives are now
emerging. One example is the Open Ontology Repositories (OOR) working group set
up by the Ontolog community. Within this effort regular virtual meetings are
organized and actively attended by ontology experts from around the world; The
Ontolog OOR 2008 meeting was held at the National Institute for Standards in
Technology (NIST), generating a joint communiqué outlining requirements and
paving the way for collaborations. Another example is the Ontology Metadata
Vocabulary (OMV) Consortium, addressing metadata for describing ontologies.
Despite these initial efforts, ontology repositories are hardly interoperable
amongst themselves. Although sharing similar aims (providing easy access to
Semantic Web resources), they diverge in the methods and techniques employed for
gathering these documents and making them available; each interprets and uses
metadata in a different manner. Furthermore, many features are still poorly
supported, such as modularization and versioning, as well as the relationship
between ontology repositories and ontology engineering environments (editors) to
support the entire ontology lifecycle.


Submitting papers and system descriptions

We want to bring together researchers and practitioners active in the design,
development and application of ontology repositories, repository-aware editors,
modularization techniques, versioning systems and issues around federated
ontology systems. We therefore encourage the submission of research papers,
position papers and system descriptions discussing some of the following
questions:

 * How can ontology repositories “talk” to each other?
 * How can the abundant and complex knowledge contained in an ontology
repository be made comprehensible for users?
 * What is the role of ontology repositories in the ontology lifecycle?
 * How can branching and versioning be managed in and across ontology
repositories?
 * How can ontology repositories interoperate with ontology editors, and other
applications and legacy systems?
 * How can connections across ontologies be managed within and across ontology
repositories?
 * How can modularity be better supported in ontology repositories and editors?
 * How can ontology repositories and editors use distributed reasoning?
 * How can ontology repositories support corporate, national and domain specific
semantic infrastructures?
 * How do ontology repositories support novel semantic applications?
 * What measurements for describing and comparing ontologies can we use? How
could ontology repositories use these?

Research papers are limited to 12 pages and position papers to 5 pages. For
system descriptions, a 5 page paper should be submitted. All papers and system
descriptions should be formatted according to the LNCS format
(http://www.springer.com/computer/lncs?SGWID=0-164-2-72376-0). Proceedings of
the workshop will be published online. Depending on the number and quality of
the submissions, authors might be invited to present their papers during a
poster session.

Submissions can be realized through the easychair system at
http://www.easychair.org/conferences/?conf=ores2010.

Important dates

Papers and demo submission: March 7, 2010 (23:59 Hawaii Time)
Notification: April 5, 2010
Camera ready version: April 18, 2010
Workshop: May 30 or 31, 2010

Organizing committee

Mathieu d'Aquin, the Open University, UK
Alexander García Castro, Bremen University, Germany
Christoph Lange, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
Kim Viljanen, Aalto University, Finland

Program committee


Ken Baclawski, Northeastern University, USA.
Leo J. Obrst, MITRE Corporation, USA.
Mark Musen, Stanford University, USA.
Natasha Noy, Stanford University, USA.
Li Ding, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA.
Mike Dean, BBN, USA.
John Bateman, Universität Bremen, Germany.
Michael Kohlhase, Jacobs University, Germany.
Tomi Kauppinen, University of Muenster, Germany.
Peter Haase, Fluid Operations, Germany.
Raul Palma, Poznan University, Poland.
Antoine Isaac, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands.
Eero Hyvönen, Helsinki University of Technology and University of Helsinki,
Finland.
Martin Luts, ELIKO TAK, Estonia.
Janne Saarela, Profium Ltd, Finland.
Jouni Tuominen, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Sandro Hawke, W3C.
Wolfram Wöß, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria

--
Alexander Garcia
http://www.alexandergarcia.name/
http://www.usefilm.com/photographer/75943.html
http://www.linkedin.com/in/alexgarciac
Postal address:
Alexander Garcia, Tel.: +49 421 218 64211
Universität Bremen
Enrique-Schmidt-Str. 5
D-28359 Bremen

David Booth | 1 Mar 2010 18:55

Re: RDF/XML Syntax Question: Label on an RDF Object being a literal

On Sun, 2010-02-28 at 22:19 +0000, Damian Steer wrote:
> On 28 Feb 2010, at 18:04, Svante Schubert wrote:
> 
> > I got a question on RDF/XML syntax.
> > I would like to put an rdfs:label on an RDF object being a literal.
> > 
> > In RDF I read that rdfs:label takes as input an rdfs:Resource
> > http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_label
> > and found that the literal (rdfs:Literal ) is a subclass an rdfs:Resource
> > http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/#ch_literal
> > 
> > Therefore it should be possible to do so.
> 
> Hi Svante,
> 
> This is a rather tricky question, but I think the simplest answer is: you can't do that. A literal can't be an object
> 
> ( The more accurate answer is that a literal can be an object, but you can't write that directly in rdf
syntax. For example:
> 
>   _:date owl:sameAs "1980-09-02"^^xsd:date . _:date ex:readableLabel "2. September 1980" )
> 

Right, however the word "object" may be a bit confusing here, as it is
overloaded.  If you think of an RDF triple as being

 <subject> <predicate> <object> .

then in RDF/XML a literal cannot occupy the <subject> position of the
triple, though it may occupy the <object> position.  Damian's example
above provides a work-around for this unfortunate restriction.

--

-- 
David Booth, Ph.D.
Cleveland Clinic (contractor)

Opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily
reflect those of Cleveland Clinic.

Danny Ayers | 1 Mar 2010 20:01
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Gravatar

Re: RDF/XML Syntax Question: Label on an RDF Object being a literal

*grin*

But Damian, what do you think about literals as resources?

From my limited perspective, it seems like all the places in the triple should have equal weighting - but I could be very wrong about that.

On a perfect world, everything would have a URI (/IRI) but these lumps of text - what do you reckon?

Love,
Danny.

On 1 March 2010 19:02, Damian Steer <pldms <at> mac.com> wrote:

On 1 Mar 2010, at 17:55, David Booth wrote:

> On Sun, 2010-02-28 at 22:19 +0000, Damian Steer wrote:
>>
>> Hi Svante,
>>
>> This is a rather tricky question, but I think the simplest answer is: you can't do that. A literal can't be an object
>>
>> ( The more accurate answer is that a literal can be an object, but you can't write that directly in rdf syntax. For example:
>
> Right, however the word "object" may be a bit confusing here, as it is
> overloaded.

You're very kind, but I think I was simply wrong here :-) SUBJECT was the term I was thinking of, but something went wrong between brain and keyboard.

Damian




--
http://danny.ayers.name

Graham Klyne | 1 Mar 2010 13:37

Re: protocol negotiation

FWIW, the IETF Hybi work [1] on Websockets is proposing something very similar, 
but while it's HTTP-like it not exactly HTTP.  Sigh.

#g
--

[1] http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol
     http://tools.ietf.org/wg/hybi/

Danny Ayers wrote:
> Henry, while I see nothing wrong with using a link, something like a 
> protocol change does feel like it should be a bit lower down the stack - 
> in fact just as Graham suggests (a header I can't remember seeing before 
> - really must read the manual sometimes).
> 
> On 28 February 2010 19:23, Graham Klyne <GK-lists <at> ninebynine.org 
> <mailto:GK-lists <at> ninebynine.org>> wrote:
> 
>     I may be getting this all wrong, but HTTP upgrade?
> 
>     http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec14.html#sec14.42
> 
> 
>  
> "Upgrade" sounds a bit strong, but that's exactly the kind of thing I 
> had in mind.
> 
> Just to clarify (my post was a bit late-night), I was imagining the 
> scenario where you have two agents/services wishing to talk with each 
> other, and http would be enough to do the identifiers and initiate 
> comms, but assuming other protocols were available. xmpp being a good 
> example, in the extreme case the agents/services might be running in the 
> same VM so direct method calls might even be in scope.
> 
> As an intermediate thing between such protocols, the recent work around 
> Activity Streams (http://activitystrea.ms/)  is quite interesting - big 
> crossover with RDF, the model is being reinvented mostly done using the 
> Atom format. I could imagine a bit of XSLT/XQuery in the pipeline were 
> it to connect with a triplestore.
> 
> Cheers,
> Danny.
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> -- 
> http://danny.ayers.name
> 

Pat Hayes | 2 Mar 2010 00:10
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Gravatar

Re: RDF/XML Syntax Question: Label on an RDF Object being a literal


Danny, the RDF specs are not wrong (on this matter, at least.) Neither mathematically nor technically. But it is necessary to actually read them and understand them. 

Literals are textual objects, part of the RDF *syntax*, lIke URIs and blank nodes. Also like those, they - the literals - *refer to* things (in RDF Webspeak, resources.) Exactly what they refer to depends on the literal, and if the literal is typed, it depends on the datatype. So for example, the literal 

"345"^^xsd:number 

refers to the number three hundred and forty five. 
When you write RDF, all the names in the triples are understood to be talking about the things they refer to. So, this triple:

ex:PatHayes  ex:hasAgeInYears "65"^^xsd:number .

says that my age is 65. It does not say that my age is "65", or that my age is a literal. It says that my age is a literal *value*, ie the value of a literal. The RDFS class rdfs:LIteral is not the class of literals: it is the class of literal *values*. There is no class of RDFS literals (at least, not one defined in RDFS), just as there is no RDFS-defined class of blank nodes or of URI references. 

Now, plain literals with no type (and no language tag) are a special case, in that their literal value is the literal string itself, so that 

ex:PatHayes foaf:name "Patrick John Hayes" .

says that my name is the value of the literal "Patrick John Hayes", which is this very string itself. So in this case you can sort of refer to the actual literal. But its only in this plain-plain case, and as soon as you add a language tag or type the literal, this identity of syntax and value no longer holds. 

So to answer the original question, there is no way in RDF(S) (or indeed OWL) to *refer to* a typed literal. The intended use of literals is that they are to be used to refer to literal values, rather than be objects in their own right. To treat them as objects, we would need to have an RDFS meta-language for talking about RDFS syntax. 

Pat Hayes

On Feb 28, 2010, at 5:31 PM, Danny Ayers wrote:

I am not a logician, but I believe there has been some hair-tugging over the treatment of literals & resources. Technically and mathematically, it's wrong as it it stands in the specs. Bit strange given that the people behind it were the best in the world, but there you go.

Until a reformulation of the RDF model comes along, we have to play with it pragmatically - a literal is a string etc.

Please don't be scared by the fact that there are errors, it's usable, this stuff can be applied to the wire.

The Italians say piano piano to mean we just do a little, and get their eventually.  A better saying is "may you live in interesting times", major curse. But that is where we are.

Love,
Danny.

On 28 February 2010 23:34, Damian Steer <pldms <at> mac.com> wrote:
Sorry, substitute rdfs:label for ex:readableLabel there.

Damian




--
http://danny.ayers.name


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